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Jewish lobby
The term Jewish lobby is used to describe organized lobbying attributed to Jews on domestic and foreign policy decisions, as a political participant of representative government, conducted predominantly in the Jewish diaspora in a number of Western countries. While at times self-described, usage of the term is viewed as inaccurate, and, particularly when used to allege disproportionate Jewish influence, it can be perceived as pejorative or may constitute antisemitism.
==Descriptions==
In his ''Dictionary of Politics'' (1992), Walter John Raymond describes the term "Jewish Lobby" as "A conglomeration of approximately thirty-four Jewish political organizations in the United States which make joint and separate efforts to lobby for their interests in the United States, as well as for the interests of the State of Israel." He also notes that "()mong those organizations which are most actively involved in lobbying activities at federal, state and local levels of political and governmental institutions are: the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), the American Jewish Committee... and the B'nai B'rith."〔Raymond, Walter John. ''The Dictionary of Politics: Selected American and Foreign Political and Legal Terms'', Brunswick Publishing Corporation, 1992, (p. 254. )〕 Dominique Vidal, writing in ''Le Monde diplomatique'', states that in the United States the term is "self-described" and it "is only one of many influence groups that have official standing with institutions and authorities."〔Vidal, Dominique. "France: racism is indivisible", ''Le Monde diplomatique'', May 2004.〕
The B'nai B'rith Anti-Defamation Commission of Australia states in its description, "It is important to recognise that lobbies are natural parts of pluralist, democratic societies such as Australia. Lobbying constitutes a mainstream method of influencing government policy, as a means of enhancing representative government. As such, just as other communities and interest groups have lobbies, there is a ‘Jewish lobby’ – an unwieldy group of individuals and organisations devoted to supporting the needs and interests of the Jewish community. This Jewish lobby is a player in representative government, and its very existence confirms the ordinary place Jews have within Australian politics. The assumption, however, that Jews have a disproportionate power and influence over decision making is what transforms a descriptive reality about politics to an antisemitic argument about Jewish power."〔(The Media, Stereotypes and the Jewish Lobby ), B'nai B'rith Anti-Defamation Commission, Inc. (Australia). Accessed 28 March 2011.〕
Noting the high voting rate of individual American Jews in elections, J.J. Goldberg, editorial director of ''The Forward'', stated in a 2004 speech that "The Jewish lobby... is actually more than just a dozen organizations. The Anti-Defamation League, the American Jewish Committee, Hadassah, of course, AIPAC, but it is also the impact of the Jewish role. ... So, the Jewish influence is a lot of things. It is the organizations, it’s the vote, it’s fundraising."〔J.J. Goldberg. , Speech before the Los Angeles World Affairs Council, March 22, 2004.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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